Mexico, Spanish country, has the largest
population in the world. It has generally the free market economy. The company
that is had or controlled by the government dominates with oil and
infrastructure, while private company dominates manufacture industry,
construction, mine, entertainment and service. Since the establishment of the
North American free trade agreement (NAFTA / North America Free Trade
Agreement). The growth of the Mexican economy has increased. But with other
international countries are becoming more prominent in the global arena, it is
important for Mexico to access funding. Mexico requires openness in a
cooperation as a goal to achieve sustainable economic development.
Historically, Mexico accounting has been affected by the accounting principles
of united states generally accepted accounting and auditing standards of the
United States. The powerful effect is required by Mexico to foreign investment
coming from the US. Furthermore many companies in mexico who register
themselves into the world's largest stock market. Their tendency to look to the
US accounting standards has increased after the making of NAFTA, but Mexico at
regular intervals see IFRS when the US standard is not able to fulfill their
wishes. The Constitution of Mexico establishes professional associations to
establish responsibility part of their activities. Association of accountants
through the country delegates capacity with regard to the rules to IMCP, which
is also an institution that oversees the accounting profession in Mexico. IMCP
oversees the accounting profession in Mexico. IMCP issued accounting and
auditing standards, as well as a code of ethics for accountants such as AICPA
in the United States. IMCP establishes continuing education requirements,
investigates and regulates professional practice. In 2001 IMCP formed CINIF.
This institution is responsible for making the accounting standards in line
with IFRS. Accounting in Asia many developing countries such as Indonesia have
had a history of colonization (the Netherlands); india, pakistan, hongkong,
singapore and malaysia (English); and the Philippines (Spain / USA), China has
also been influenced by western ideas and socialist from the former Soviet
Union. In 1997, many developing countries in Asia suffered a setback of
confidence in the financial markets, which led to the financial crisis. A
possible solution to get out of this condition is to improve the quality and
transparency of accounting by adopting quality and transparency of higher
accounting of accounting standards.
International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) is made as a reference for the development of
financial accounting standards in Indonesia because IFRS is a standard that is
very sturdy. The preparation is supported by experts and international
consultative councils from around the world. They provide enough time and
supported by literature feedback from hundreds of people from various
disciplines and from a variety of jurisdictions around the world. With the
declaration of the IFRS convergence program, then in 2012 all the standards
issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board IAI will refer to IFRS and
applied by entities.
Accounting standards in
Indonesia is currently not using fully (full adoption) international accounting
standards or International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). Indonesian
accounting standards in force today refers to US GAAP (United States Generally
Accepted Accounting Standard), but in some of the provisions they have already
adopted IFRS as its harmonization. Adoption by Indonesia at this time is not
yet in full adoption, only some (harmonization). Current era of globalization
requires an international accounting system that can be applied internationally
in every country, or required the harmonization of international accounting
standards, with the aim to produce financial information that can be compared,
facilitate the competitive analysis and good relations with customers,
suppliers, investors, and creditors. However, this harmonization process has
other barriers between nationalism and culture of each country, differences in
the system of government in each country, the differences between the interests
of multinational corporations with national companies which influence the
process of harmonization between countries, as well as high costs for changing
accounting principles. Information technology is developing rapidly making the
information available worldwide. The rapid information technology is the access
for many investors to enter the capital market in the world, which is not
hindered by the limitations of the Country. This needs can not be met if the
companies still use different financial reporting principles.
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Mexico
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Indonesian
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The
institution of Standard Accountancy Mexico publishes accountancy standard and
auditing. It is developed by accountancy committee principal, while auditing
standard becomes the responsibility of Procedure Committee and auditing
standard. Accountancy career in Mexico is good, well organized and
appreciated by business people. Mexico commercial law and ultimate tax law
consists of certainty about making the certainty note and financial report,
but the influence of those things can be said minimal.
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There are three milestones ever reached in the
development of financial accounting standards in Indonesia. The first principle, ahead of the
reactivation of the capital market in Indonesia in 1973. Then, the second milestone occurred in
1984. At that time, the committee of PAI revised fundamentally PAI 1973 and
later on condified this in a book "Principles of Indonesia Accounting
1984" Next in 1994, IAI
re-revised fundamentally the PAI 1984 and condified this in a book
"Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) per October 1, 1994".
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The
Financial Report
Mexico
company fiscal year must walk in together with calendar year. The comparative
consolidation financial report must be arranged like this:
·
Balance
·
Profit and loss report
·
The exchange holder equity changing report
·
The financial position changing report
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The
Financial Report:
·
Balance
·
The calculation of profit/loss
·
The report of cash flow
·
The exchange of equity
·
The note of financial report
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Accountancy
Measurement :
a.Business combination using the purchase method
b.Goodwill is the excess the purchase price to the
present value of net assets acquired
c.Tangible assets / intangible depreciated /
amortized over the useful lives (usually no more than 20 years).
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Accountancy
Measurement :
a.Merger using the pooling of interest method or
pooling of interest and method of purchase (purchase).
b.Goodwill arising from the acquisition are
capitalized and amortized over a maximum of 5 until 20 years.
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References :
Frederick D.S. Choi, dan Gary K.
Meek, International Accounting, Jakarta: Salemba Empat,2010.
Zebua. 2008,
Akuntansi Internasional, Jakarta: MitraWacana Media jilid 1
(Diakses pada
tanggal 20 Maret 2016 pukul 18.59 WIB)
http://www.slideshare.net/kiki_ariani/perkembangan-tentang-ifrs
(Diakses pada tanggal 20 Maret 2016 pukul 19.14 WIB)
Gamayuni,
Rindu Rika, 2009, Perkembangan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Indonesia menuju
International Financial Report Standarts (IFRS) , Jurnal Akuntansi dan
Keuangan. Vol 14. No.2
